A Generalization of the Theory of Ferromagnetism
F. Bitter
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Phys. Rev. 54, 79 – Published 1 July 1938
ABSTRACT
The Weiss-Heisenberg theory of ferromagnetism is discussed and generalized in a plausible way. Whether this generalization is theoretically sound must be determined by a quantum-mechanical investigation. The proposed equations of state, however, may be regarded as an attempt to describe antiferromagnetism (i.e., the case in which oppositely directed spins on adjacent atoms have the lowest energy), pure metals having less than one spin per atom, and the magnetic properties of alloys. No attempt is made to compare the results with the properties of actual alloys, but it is shown that the proposed equations do give systems in which the Curie temperature depends on composition and atomic order; in which nonmagnetic metals may combine to produce a ferromagnetic alloy; in which wasp waisted hysteresis loops occur; and in which heat treatment may radically affect magnetic properties. Large effects are predicted which should make it easy to verify experimentally whether or not the proposed approach to the problem is on the right track.
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